World’s First Clean Ammonia-Powered Container Ship Paves The Way For Maritime Trade

HVAC

Marine Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning

Function of H.V.A.C

used to re-condition and circulate air as part of a heating , ventilating and air-conditioning system.

Basic function of HVAC, is take in outside air, recondition it,and supply it as fresh air to a building. Usually connect to an Air Handling Unit (A.H.U) system that distributes the conditioned air to the building.

Advantages of HVAC

Equipment preservation
Cargo preservation
Crew comfort and Well-being
Energy Efficiency

Basic of HVAC Components

Heat exchanger
Blower motor
Combustion chamber
Condenser coil or compressor
Evaporator coil
Thermostat

Types of HVAC

single flow system
Mixed flow system

Fuel Treatment Equipment

Type of Centrifuges

Clarifier

Centrifugal separators used for separating liquid and solid impurities(i,e. fuel and sludges) dont have gravity disc

Purifier

Centrifugal separators used for the separation of two liquids of different densities(i,e. fuel and water) have gravity disc

Functions of Gravity disc or Dam ring

Control the output quality of fuel
Creating the interface between the oil and water
Maintaining the back pressure

So we can see the different between clarifier and purifier as below

Fuel treatment

Types of fuel

Distillate fuels
Residual fuels

Distillate fuels

Fuels which are free flowing , easily to store and can be used without further treatment

Application: turbine plants, high and medium speed diesel engines

Residual fuels

Very viscous or thick at normal temperatures , and require hearing before use

Applications: slow-speed and some medium-speed diesel engines

Treatment of Fuel Oil and Lubricating Oil

Fuel oil and lubricating oil require treatment before passing to the engine
This will involve separation as a means of removing impurities from a fuel

Separation

Used to:

Separate two liquids, for example oil and water,or
Liquid and solids as in contaminated oil

Advantages:

The separations of impurities and water from fuel oil is essential for good combustion
The removal of contaminating impurities from lubricating oil will reduce engine wear and possible breakdowns

Methods separate:

Gravity in a settling tank
Centrifuging the fuel

Heat Exchanger

Meaning of Heat exchanger

Heat exchanger is a piece of equipment that continually transfer heat from one medium to another

Type of heat exchanger

Shell and tube heat exchanger
Plate heat exchanger

Plate heat exchanger

Shell and tube heat exchanger

Advantages and disadvantages if heat exchanger

Advantages

Compact design
Less cost
Temperature control
Efficient heat transfer
Versatility

Disadvantages

Fouling
Leakage
Limited temperature range
Pressure drop

Meaning of padding

What is a Padding?

Charging of the gas pad, usually nitrogen, above the liquid cargo to prevent the cargo coming in contact with air.

Some substances must be shipped under a suitable protective padding to prevent oxidization

Padding in tanker

the process of filling the empty space of a liquid storage tank with an inert gas, most likely nitrogen, to reduce oxidation and product contamination.

Shipping Terms

A&CP:- Anchors and Chains Proved

aa: Always Afloat
Aar: Against all risks
AB: Able-bodied seaman
ABS: American Bureau of shipping
Abt:- About (also abt.) Account
A/C Add: Addressed
Addtl:- Additional
A.D.I.S- Automated computer based Data Interchange System
Adk:- Awning deck (Lloyd's Register)
Adv:- Advice
Adval:- Ad valorem. (According to value)
A/F: Advanced freight
A/F: Also for (referring to port or ports to be touched by the ship)
A.F.R.A:- Average Freight Rate Assessment
AFT: After end of ship
A.G.B: Any good brand
Agt: Agent; Against
AH:- After hatch (chartering)
AHD: Ahead (shipping)
AH RANGE: Ports within the Antwerp-Hamburg range
AI.C.S:- Associate of the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers
A.I.F.T.A: Associate Institute Freight Trades Association; Anglo-Irish Free Trade Area
AMT: Amount
AN: Arrival Notice
ANF:- Arrival Notification Form Advice to Consignee of goods coming forward
ANS:- Answer
A/o:- Account of (also AO.)
AOB: As on Board
AP:- Additional premium/Average payable
APPRO:-Approval
APPROX Approximately
AR:- Arrived (shipping news)
A/R:- All risks (also A.R.) Regards to Insurance; Against all risks (also a.a.r) Marine Insurance
AS:- After sight/Account sales/Alongside ASABOSA:- Association of Ships Agents and
Brokers of South Africa A.S.A.P: As soon as possible
A/Side: Alongside (also A/S) A.T.A: Actual Time of Arrival
ATS:- All time saved
A.T.S.D.O:- All Time Saved Discharging Only (chartering) also a.t.s.d.o.
A.T.S.L.O:- All Time Saved Loading Only (chartering) also a.t.s.l.o.
AV: Available Container
A.W.T.S.B.E:- All Working Time Saved Both Ends(also a.w.t.s.b.e) chartering
A.W.T.S.D.O:- All Working Time Saved
Discharging Only (chartering) also a.w.ts.d.o.
A.W.T.S.L.O: All Working Time Saved Loading Only (chartering) also a.w.t.s.l.o.
B-Breadth; Beam-naval architecture; Bale also B/-; Bag also B/- or Bg; Position of centre of
buoyancy-naval architecture; Bridge-Lloyd's register; Bale capacity - in cubic metres-Lloyd's register
BAF Bunker Adjustment Factor - Freight adjustment factor to reflect current cost of
bunkers.
BAL Balance-also bal. BBB: Before Breaking Bulk, i.e. before opening hatches to discharge
BC: Buyers Option
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BCV: Barge carrying vessel BD:- Bank Draft, Bar Draft (grain trade)
Bdi:- Both Dates Inclusive Bdls:- Bundles
B/E:- Bill of Entry Customs
Bf: Brought forward
BFC Baltimore Form Charter Party- used for
Grain cargoes BHP Brake Horse Power
BIFA: British International Freight Association of
freight forwarders
BIMCO: Baltic and International Maritime
Council. A Danish based organisation to which
many shipowners belong that represents their
Interests and assists by preparing standard
charter parties and other shipping documents and
providing other advisory services.
bkg:- Banking
B/L:- Bill of Lading
BN:- Booking Note 8.0: Brought over
B/P-Bills payable
B.P.B: Bank Post Bill
BS:- Bill of Sale/Bill of Store
BSC: British Shippers Council
BSI: British Standards Institution. The authorised body for the preparation of national standards in the U.K. Blank Endorsement.
BSR: Basic service rate-sea freight element of the tariff
BSt:- Bill of Sight bt. Berth Terms
bt:- Billion tons
btd:- Barrels per day
BV:- Bureau Veritas - French ship classification
society bxs:- Boxes
C&D - Collection and Delivery. Carriage from/to
Customer's premises to/from CFS. C&E:- Customs and Excise
C&E.T: Customs and Excise Tariff
C&F:- Cost and Freight. A conventional port-to- port Incoterm term of sale. More correctly
known as CFR
C&I: Cost and Insurance
CA: Cabotage
CABAF:-Currency and Bunker Adjustment
Factor. A combination of CAF and BAF. CAC: Controlled Atmosphere Carriers/
Containers C.A.D.-Cash Against Documents
CAF Container Availability Forecast. Also
Currency Adjustment Factor, Freight adjustment Factor, to reflect currency exchange fluctuations.
C.A.N:- Customs Assigned Number
cancl:- Cancelled; canceling - chartering cap: Capacity
CAP: Eu. Common Agricultural Policy. EC Policy relating to agricultural produce.
CAPT:- Captain
CB:-Container base. Container freight stations
C.B.D: Cash Before Delivery
C.C.C-Customs Co-operation Council. The forum for international co-operation between Customs
authorities in an attempt to provide harmony and
uniformity of approach.
C.C.E: Collector of Customs and Excise
C.C.T: Common Customs Tariff
CCM-Central Container Management
CCO: Container Cartage order CCU:- Clip-on Unit
C.DK: Containers carried on Deck - Lloyd's
register CEAC Chief Executive's Advisory Committee Cert Certificate
CF-Carried forward
CFB: Citrus Fruit Board
CHQ:- Cheque
C/I-Certificate of insurance
CIF:- Cast, Insurance and Freight. A conventional port-to-port only, Incoterm term of sale.
CIFC&I:- Cost, insurance, freight, commission and interest
CIP: Carriage and Insurance paid To a new Combined Transport Incoterm replacing CIF
where CT is involved but applicable to all modes of transport. Particularly appropriate for Combined Transport
CIR:- Container Inspection Report CK.D:- Completely Knocked Down; Cars Knocked
Down CMI: Comite Maritime International. An
International committee of maritime lawyers.
Cmpl: Completed - Lloyd's register
CN: Credit note, Consignment note, Cover
c/o: Care of; Carried over
CO: Container Operator/Certificate of origin
c.o.a: Cash on Arrival
CO.A: Contract of Affreightment
COB: Close of Business
COD: Change of Destination Coll: Collision-Lloyd's register
Com:- Commission
Consgt: Consignment
C.O.P: Counter Opposition Policy. Custom of the port.
c.o.p:- Cash on Presentation of documents
COT: Customer's Own Transport Customer collects from/ delivers to CFS/CY
COTIF: Eu. Convention Concerning International carriage by Rail
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CLASSIFICATION AND SURVEY

What is Classification?

• Classification is a system for safeguarding life, property and the environment due to operational consequences

• Classification implies a process of verifying unit standards against a set of requirements – Class Rules and Standards

• Classification aims to verify that the required Rule standard is built in, observed and maintained throughout the unit’s life

Role of Classification

• Classification has gained world wide recognition as an adequate level of safety and quality, i.e. provides a sound basic safety standard

• Classification serves as a verification system for a number of parties who have special interest in the safety and quality of MOUs, such as:

– National Authorities

– Insurance underwriters

– Owners

– Building yards and sub-contractors

– Finance institutions

– Charterers

Main Class covers the following systems:

• Arrangement, incl. area classification and escape

• Emergency safety systems

• Structural strength including hull and superstructure, materials, welding, fabrication and corrosion protection

• Stability

• Watertight and weather-tight integrity

• Machinery and systems for marine use

• Electrical installations for marine use

• Instrumentation and automation.

• Fire protection

Classification - What is not covered?

• Functionality/reliability of non-safety critical systems

• Life time considerations equipment

• Requirements to user friendliness

• Requirements to inspection- and maintenance friendliness

• Requirements to personnel protection only partly